Bruising or bruising generally occurs when the body hits something strongly. However, some people can experience bruising only because of minor collisions or even no collisions at all. To better understand the cause of bruising, consider the following review!
Bruising occurs when a small blood vessel ruptures, so the blood cells inside it seep out and settle under the surface of the skin. This causes reddish or purplish appearance on the skin.
Naturally, platelet cells (platelets) in the blood will work together with blood clotting factors to form clots to stop this bleeding. Then the blood cells will be absorbed again by the body slowly and the bruises fade.
Some Causes of Easy Bruising
Most bruises or bruises are caused by physical injury, and can improve on their own within a period of several days. However, if bruising often occurs without a clear or sudden cause, it is likely that it is caused by a disease or certain medical condition, such as:
1. Lack of blood clotting factors
Blood coagulation factors are proteins in the blood that function to help platelets stop bleeding. When the body lacks blood clotting factors, spontaneous bruising and bleeding (without cause), such as bleeding gums, nosebleeds, or bruises in the joints, it is very easy to occur.
Examples of diseases that can cause bruising easily due to lack of blood clotting factors are hemophilia and von Willebrand's disease. Both are genetic or hereditary diseases that cause sufferers to lack certain blood clotting factors.
2. Lack of platelets or platelets
This condition can be caused by decreased platelet production in the bone marrow due to viral infection, side effects of drugs, or blood cancer (leukemia and lymphoma).
In addition, platelet deficiency can also occur due to platelets being attacked by the body's own defense cells (autoimmune), as in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) disease; or due to excessive use of platelets by the body, as in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP).
3. Liver disease
The liver is an organ that functions to produce proteins that form blood clotting factors. Liver damage due to excessive alcohol consumption, infection, or cirrhosis can interfere with the production of these proteins and cause bruising to occur more easily.
4. Side effects of drugs and supplements
Anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs, known as blood thinners, such as aspirin, warfarin, and clopidogrel, function to prevent blood clots. These drugs are often used to treat strokes and heart disease. However, one of the side effects of these drugs is bruising.
Corticosteroid drugs are widely used to relieve inflammation in asthma, allergies, or eczema can thin the skin, making it easier for someone to bruise.
Pain relievers, such as ibuprofen and celecoxib, as well as fish oil and ginkgo supplements can also cause bruising more easily.
5. Vitamin deficiency
Besides being easily bruised, lack of vitamin K, vitamin B12, vitamin C or folate can cause bruising to heal longer. Therefore, if the body easily bruises, it is advisable to consume more foods that contain vitamin K, vitamin C, and folate. Vitamin K deficiency tends to be more at risk for newborns. Therefore, injections of vitamin K are usually given to newborns.
6. Old age
Older people have thinner skin tissue and fat layers under the skin, making it easier to experience bruising after being hit. In addition, capillary arteries in the elderly are also more fragile, making them more fragile. This happens because of reduced collagen production as we age.
7. Heavy exercise
Heavy exercise can make the muscles of the body work extra, causing tears or rupture of fine blood vessels under the skin. This is especially true for people who often do weights and marathons.
Not all bruises are danger signals that require special treatment. However, be careful if bruising occurs very often or is accompanied by weight loss, swollen body, and pain at the location of a bruise.
If you experience bruising or bruising, the first step you can take is to compress the bruised area with a cold compress. If bruising occurs on the arm or leg, raise the area of the bruise when lying down.
If bruises do not heal within 2 weeks, accompanied by bleeding in other body parts, or appear too often with large size, immediately consult a doctor to get an examination and treatment.
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